受访者王文系中国人民大学重阳金融研究院执行院长、中美人文交流研究中心（教育部）执行主任、国务院参事室金融中心研究员。本文刊于2022年3月8日“长安街知事”公众号。
近期乌克兰局势紧张加剧，国际舆论场中不时出现虚假信息，借乌克兰问题抹黑中国形象，试图混淆局势，甩锅推责，挑拨中俄关系。
7日，十三届全国人大五次会议在人民大会堂新闻发布厅举行记者会，国务委员兼外交部长王毅就乌克兰危机、台海局势等热点外交问题回应了中外关切，系统全面地阐述了中方立场。
乌克兰危机中，美国用西方逻辑下的叙事给中国设下哪些话语陷阱？美西方目前采取的措施会对局势造成怎样的影响？如何看待中方对解决乌克兰问题提出的倡议？长安街知事（微信id：capitalnews）专访中国人民大学重阳金融研究院执行院长、中美人文交流研究中心（教育部）执行主任王文。
乌克兰危机，美国给中国挖了10个陷阱
知事：您对王毅外长的记者会最大的感受是什么？
王文：我注意到，实际上从俄乌局势恶化以来，西方一些政客和媒体不断散布虚假信息，抹黑污蔑中国在乌克兰问题上的立场，还设下不少话语陷阱。7日，国务委员兼外交部长王毅在外长记者会上直击西方的话语陷阱，打破了这种陷阱下对中国形象的抹黑。
7日，十三届全国人大五次会议在人民大会堂新闻发布厅举行记者会。图源：新华社
具体而言，王毅从以下十个方面破除了西方的话语陷阱：
1、诬陷中国早就知道俄罗斯的军事计划。
俄罗斯是一个独立自主的大国，拥有自己的战略决策。西方却“挖坑”，怪罪中国没有阻止俄罗斯的军事行动，将问题责任推给中国，目的是掩饰俄乌背后的西方挑拨与北约东扩威胁的真实原因，并挑拨中俄关系。对此，王毅国务委员兼外长在记者会中讲得非常清楚，乌克兰局势发展到今天，是各种因素共同作用的结果，“冰冻三尺，非一日之寒”。这事实上是提示，要反思导致俄乌冲突的西方原因。
2、构陷中国对俄乌局势的恶化“视而不见”。
指责中国对乌克兰问题“无所作为”是绝对错误的，目的是否定中国在国际事务中发挥的积极作用。中国一直以来都主张维护地区和平，主张通过协商的方式化解危机。正如王毅所说，中方已经在劝和促谈方面做了大量工作，一直同各方保持密切沟通。冲突发生第二天，习近平主席同普京总统通话时就提出我们愿意看到俄乌双方尽早和谈。
3、抹黑中国“支持”俄罗斯的特别军事行动。
一些美国政客及媒体提出这个判断，目的在于置中国于 “中俄结盟”构陷中，否定中国独立自主的和平外交政策，也歪曲中俄关系“不结盟、不对抗、不针对第三方”的基础。无论是伊核危机，还是朝核危机，中国的立场是一贯的。王毅在2022年记者会中再次强调，中国始终保持的是客观公正的态度，是根据事情的是非曲直来做独立自主的判断。
4、污蔑中国“乐见”俄乌局势恶化。
西方揣测，俄乌局势中国在“偷着乐”，以为找到“战略机遇期”，可以悄悄发展了。这完全是污蔑，意在把中国摆在世界和平与发展的对立面。王毅在记者会中强调，要冷静理性，奉劝西方不要火上浇油、激化矛盾。这是对西方对俄乌局势拱火行径的劝诫。
5、声称中国“不关心”乌克兰人权。
该论调的目的是挑拨中乌关系，试图将中国变为俄乌争端的当事方，更否认中方对人道主义援助的努力。事实恰恰相反，中国一直在为维护乌克兰民众的人道主义进行方方面面的呼吁，希望避免乌克兰人道主义的灾难，并为此提出六条倡议。
6、臆测中国计划趁俄乌局势恶化“收复台湾”。
西方挖下逻辑陷阱，将乌克兰比作未来台湾问题的现实版，甚至揣测中国会趁俄乌局势恶化收复台湾。这完全是无稽之谈。正如王毅在记者会上所言，台湾问题与乌克兰问题有着本质区别，两者没有任何可比性。最根本的不同在于，台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分，台湾问题完全是中国的内政。将乌克兰问题和台湾相提并论是在故意混淆基本的事实。
7、臆想中俄打算“联手”推翻世界秩序。
由于中俄双方2月5日发表《中华人民共和国和俄罗斯联邦关于新时代国际关系和全球可持续发展的联合声明》，西方便声称“中俄要联合起来企图推翻所谓西方秩序”，要创造所谓“以中俄独大的世界秩序”。这也是无稽之谈。王毅在记者会中明确讲到，中俄关系作为世界上最关键的双边关系之一，中俄合作不仅给两国人民带来利益和福祉，也有利于世界的和平、稳定与发展。中俄是二战结束以来世界秩序的稳定力量，而美西方恰恰才是破坏性的力量。
8、污蔑中国在俄乌冲突中提供了所谓“军事支援”。
一战与二战初期，美国给战争双方都卖武器，大发战争横财。在俄乌冲突中，美国一些政客与媒体以小人之心度君子之腹，以自己所想、所为揣测中国，妄想将中国描绘成“战争贩子”。王毅明确讲到，中俄关系建立在不结盟、不对抗、不针对第三方基础之上。中方绝不会在俄乌冲突中做出火上浇油的事情，也绝不会像西方一些国家那样单方给予乌克兰以军事支援。
9、猜测中国会“切断”与俄乌贸易往来。
中国不会这样做！中国明确表示反对任何形式的非法单边制裁，王毅在记者会中也明确呼吁，各方要通过对话，以和平的方式解决争端。在任何时候，中国都反对单边制裁，制裁解决不了任何争端。
10、抹黑中国是希望乌克兰局势恶化的“拱火者”，粉饰美国才是乌克兰局势的“缓和者”。
事实刚好相反，美国是乌克兰事件不折不扣的始作俑者。王毅在记者会中已经委婉地指出，个别大国为了维护其霸权地位，重拾冷战思维，制造阵营对立，进一步加剧了动荡与分裂，让本来就问题缠身的世界雪上加霜。实际上是点出了美国在这件事情上真正的责任。
总而言之，王毅国委兼外长记者会，时机恰到好处。目前国际舆论场中充斥着西方媒体散布的方方面面的虚假信息，王毅外长记者会是对围绕“俄乌局势”而展开信息战、舆论战的精准、客观、务实的回击。
美国正破坏世界金融文明核心
知事：当前重要时刻，各国需要的是对话而非对抗。但我们知道，自2月26日，美国等西方国家向俄罗斯投下“金融核弹”，即宣布将其“踢出”swift以来，为防俄罗斯配置的国际储备削弱制裁效果，美西方还对俄央行实施限制措施。您如何看待美西方对俄的金融制裁？
王文：“环球同业银行金融电讯协会”（swift）系统是人类金融文明的一个重要结晶。
传统上的人类贸易、金融交易是通过一笔笔低效率、结汇方式完成的。自从1973年swift系统出现，大大推进了跨境金融交易和资金的信息流通，使其变得更加安全、可靠、快捷、标准化、自动化。这种效率的提升和结算的便捷化，本身就是人类文明在金融体系中的重要的结晶，是人类的共同财富。
swift资料图。图源：塔斯社
此前，美国用所谓“民主自由”的价值观对他国进行意识形态的挑衅和压制，毁坏了民主自由价值的核心。美国还用军事力量压制他国，将自我安全建立在损害他国安全的基础上；这次，美国再次使用swift系统打压另一个大国，是在毁掉以便捷式结算交易体系为代表的全球金融文明的核心。
所以，我们有足够的理由，谴责美国是21世纪人类文明进步的最大毁坏者和麻烦制造者。
中方倡议才是乌克兰危机真正解决之道
知事：我们看到，美西方国家在乌克兰危机中拱火、塞枪、拉偏架的行为，不仅没有缓和局势，反而让问题变得更加复杂。乌克兰问题究竟应该如何解决？
王文：正如王毅在外长记者上所言，乌克兰危机的解决之道，就是照顾当事方的合理安全关切，本着客观公正的态度，通过和平协商、对话谈判来解决问题，而不是动辄拿出制裁的“大棒”。
更重要的是，金融制裁的“大棒”危及的是每一个普通的老百姓，伊朗就是一个典型的例子。在过去的40多年里，美国一直在制裁伊朗，在制裁的巨大冲击下，普通老百姓的日常生活和工作得不到应有的便利，甚至还威胁到了生命，这就是美西方所谓的“民主”和“人权”价值观吗？
王毅强调，要防止出现大规模人道主义危机，中方就此提出了六点倡议。这实际上表明，中方是真正关注、关切乌克兰和俄罗斯的民众利益，关注他们在危机中所应该被关切到的利益诉求。只有合作协商、相互关切、相互尊重、和平共处的方案才能真正解决问题。这才是乌克兰问题未来的解决方向，动辄制裁根本解决不了任何问题。
王毅在外长记者会上对于俄乌局势的表态，充分体现了中国对外交往的智慧，也为解决乌克兰危机提供了中国的务实方案。
以下为英文版：
source: published: 2022-03-08
the tense situation in ukraine has been deteriorating since february. some western politicians and media outlets, especially those of the us, keep smearing china by propagandizing false information on the ukraine crisis. on monday, during a press conference on the sidelines of the two sessions, chinese state councilor and foreign minister wang yi confronted the "traps" set by the west over the ukraine situation.
west's 'discourse traps'over ukraine crisis at chinese fm's press conference graphic: feng qingyin/gt
trap one: making a false charge that china knew russia's military plan in advance.
this rhetoric drives a wedge between china and russia.
russia is an independent major power. it has its own strategic judgment and interests when it comes to making decisions on foreign actions. whether or not china knew its plan in advance, china is not capable to stop russia. as wang said, it takes more than one cold day to freeze three feet of ice, the reasons behind the ukraine situation today are complicated.
for the past 30 years, the us has promoted nato's eastward expansion five times in spite of russia's strong opposition. when ukrainian president volodymyr zelensky visited the us in august 2021, us secretary of state antony blinken said in a statement that washington would continue to support ukraine to "defend against russia's aggression." yet after the conflict between russia and ukraine escalated, the us has been the hidden hand behind the scene.
trap two: slandering china for turning a blind eye to the worsening situation in ukraine.
china has always been making efforts to cool down the situation.
at the press conference, wang yi reiterated that the current international community should focus on two major issues. the first is to promote peace and talks. the second is to prevent large-scale humanitarian crises. he said the red cross society of china would soon send emergency aid to ukraine.
china is helping to resolve the ukrainian crisis peacefully in its own way, but the media and politicians in some countries still find the situation in ukraine not chaotic enough. they keep exerting pressure on other countries, escalating the situation.
trap three: claiming that china supports russia's special military operation.
the cold war mentality of either friend or foe, and the western approach of piecing together so-called "alliances" are not applicable to china-russia relations.
wang stressed at the press conference that china has adopted an objective and impartial attitude. we independently assess the situation and make our position clear on the basis of the merits of the issue.
all countries' sovereignty and territorial integrity should be respected and upheld and the purposes and principles of the un charter should be jointly safeguarded. this is a principle china consistently holds and a basic norm governing international relations that all countries should adhere to.
trap four: claiming that china is happy to see a deteriorating situation between russia and ukraine.
some us politicians and media are trying to put china in the opposite side of world peace and development. china has always stressed the hope for a ceasefire, a deescalated situation, and the safety of civilian lives and property, hoping to prevent a large-scale humanitarian crisis. as wang cautioned at the press conference, "what is needed to solve complex issues is a cool head and a rational mind, not adding fuel to the fire which only intensifies the situation."
trap five: claiming that china does not care about human rights in ukraine or the lives of ukrainians.
wang proposed a six-point initiative at the press conference to prevent a massive humanitarian crisis: first, make sure that humanitarian operations abide by the principles of neutrality and impartiality, and avoid politicizing humanitarian issues; second, give full attention to the displaced persons in and from ukraine, and provide them with proper shelter; third, ensure the protection of civilians, and prevent secondary humanitarian disasters in ukraine; fourth, provide for safe and smooth humanitarian aid activities, including providing rapid, safe and unimpeded humanitarian access… and so on. china is willing to make its own efforts to overcome the humanitarian crisis, and the chinese red cross will provide a batch of emergency humanitarian aid to ukraine as soon as possible.
this should be the most pragmatic, rational and fair humanitarian plan.
west's 'discourse traps'over ukraine crisis at chinese fm's press conference graphic: feng qingyin/gt
trap six: speculating that china will take advantage of the situation in ukraine to "reunify" taiwan.
wang stressed at the press conference that "the taiwan question and the ukraine issue are different in nature and are not comparable at all. most fundamentally, taiwan is an inalienable part of china's territory, and the taiwan question is entirely china's internal affair."
there are those who emphasize the principle of sovereignty on the ukraine issue, while undermining china's sovereignty and territorial integrity on the taiwan question. the chinese people's determination and strong will to defend national sovereignty and territorial integrity are unwavering. peace on the island depends on the peaceful development of cross-straits relations.
trap seven: assuming that china and russia intend to "join hands" to overthrow the world order.
some us politicians and media have set this discourse trap, which is a comprehensive denial of china-russia relations. at the press conference, wang once again made it clear that china and russia are both permanent members of the un security council, important neighbors, and strategic partners. the joint statement between china and russia on international relations in a new era and global sustainable development sends an unequivocal message to the world that china and russia jointly oppose attempts to revive the cold war mindset or provoke an ideology-based confrontation, and stand for promoting democratization of international relations as well as upholding the principles of the un charter.
trap eight: slandering that china provides military assistance to either side in the russia-ukraine conflict.
such assumptions made by some us politicians and media outlets show their petty mind. in the early days of wwi and wwii, the us made huge profits out of selling weapons to parties involved in the wars. in the face of the russia-ukraine conflict, the us has measured another's corn by its own bushel, in an attempt to portray china as a "warmonger."
unlike the us, which provided a large amount of military equipment to ukraine, it's impossible for china to provide weapons to either side.
the chinese government has stressed on multiple occasions that the china-russia relationship is based on non-alliance, non-confrontation and non-targeting of any third party. wang also reiterated this point at the press conference.
trap nine: speculating that china would "cut off" trade with russia or ukraine.
this is a hypothetical version of "chinese sanctions." the truth is: china has always opposed any illegal unilateral sanctions. sanctions have never been a fundamental and effective way to solve problems, but will only bring about great difficulties to the economy and livelihood of relevant countries and further aggravate division and confrontation.
russia and ukraine are both important countries along the belt and road route. the trade and cooperation between china and the two countries won't stop. on the contrary, when there are differences, more efforts should be made to tap more opportunities to promote friendly mutual assistance. wang at the press conference expressed gratitude to the governments and societies of many countries, including the russian and ukrainian governments, for their support in the evacuation of chinese citizens.
trap ten: whitewashing the us as a mitigator in the ukraine crisis.
there is no way that such attempt could fool the world. the us is trying to shift the blame for worsening situation in ukraine onto others, as if everything that is happening has nothing to do with the us and as if the us is a "good guy," and it's other countries that should take the responsibilities. as a matter of the fact, the us is the culprit of the ukraine crisis. it claimed that nato's eastward expansion is aimed at safeguarding peace. has the goal been achieved? the us said it would prevent wars in europe. has it done so? just as wang said in the press conference, in order to maintain their hegemonic status, some major powers regained the cold war mentality and created factional confrontations, which further aggravated the turmoil and division, and made the already troubled world even worse.
wang wen is executive dean of chongyang institute for financial studies at renmin university of china (rdcy). xu tianqi is an associate research fellow at rdcy.
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